Treatment Options for Tumors Metastasizing to the Lungs
The treatment method for tumors spreading to the lungs depends on several factors such as the location and number of metastases, the patient’s general health status, and whether the primary tumor is under control.
In many patients, surgery may not be suitable; therefore, chemotherapy is often preferred. In some cases, radiotherapy may also be added to the treatment.
Why Surgery May Be Necessary
In appropriate candidates, surgery is considered the primary option in treating lung metastases, as complete removal of metastatic lesions can provide the chance of long-term recovery.
Surgical Approaches
Removal of only the metastatic lesion
Resection of a lung lobe or segment
Rarely, removal of the entire lung
Most surgeries are performed through open surgery (thoracotomy), as in closed techniques (VATS), small metastases may be overlooked. In open surgery, lung tissue is examined manually, and all detected nodules are removed one by one using stapler, laser, or cautery.
Possible Risks of Surgery
Prolonged air leakage
Bleeding
Anesthesia-related risks (such as heart attack, vascular obstruction)
Infection
Hospital Stay Duration
Postoperative hospital stay usually ranges between 1–2 days.
Post-Surgery Treatment
The need for additional therapy depends on pathology results and whether all metastases were removed. Chemotherapy or radiotherapy may be added if necessary.
How Surgical Decisions Are Made
The surgical decision should be made jointly by oncology, pulmonology, and thoracic surgery specialists.
Main Requirements for Surgery
Primary tumor must be treated
No metastases in other parts of the body
Adequate lung function for surgery
Sufficient lung tissue remaining after surgery
Additionally, the type of tumor, the time interval between primary cancer and metastasis, and the patient’s overall condition are also considered.
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